Professor of IPB: Just Three Agencies for Artificial Insemination Having SNI
Permanent Professor of Faculty of Veterinary, Bogor Agricultural University (FKH of IPB), Prof.Dr. R. Iis Arifiantini, said, not all Agencies for Artificial Insemination (BIB) in Indonesia had frozen sperm (Cement) certified Indonesian National Standard / Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). From 15 BIB, there were only 3 BIB certified, namely BIB Lembang, BIB Singosari dan BIB South Kalimantan.
Even though, she said, there was the Law No. 41 2014 on farms and animal health which mentioned that any seeds or seedlings in circulation should be certified. The certificates that were valid for up to three years contained information on genealogy and characteristics of excellence.
“From the data we obtained in the three centers, of the total number of cows certified, will produce 14,250,000 straws. If it goes well then the next three years will be as many as 7,260,000 additional calves as the result of Artificial Insemination (IB),” she said during a press conference in Pre Oration in Campus of IPB Baranangsiang, Bogor, (28/1). Prof. Iis had conducted the Scientific Oration of Professors, Saturday (30/1) in Campus of IPB Darmaga, Bogor.
It was said, not all cement was successfully inseminated. It depended on the motility of spermatozoa (minimal of 40%) and individual movements (minimal of 2). In accordance with the quality of requirements of frozen cement listed in SNI.
In her speech title of “Pengembangan Teknik Produksi Semen Beku Sapi di Indonesia / Development of Production Technique of Frozen Cement of Cows in Indonesia”, Prof. Iis said it was only a small slice of so many cells to be able to fertilize. Frozen cement of standard cows should contain 25 million cells, then only 5.5 million cells which were potential to fertilize the egg cells.
“The whole BIB has been using cement-making technique with an artificial vagina. So all the centers have been standardized. For microscopic test parameters all are good. However there are two test parameters that have not been done in all BIB namely viability and morphology,” she added.
The parameter was required because of not all perfect spermatozoa. All abnormal spermatozoa could not fertilize the egg cells. Abnormal there were two kinds of primary and secondary.
“Primary abnormal means there is a damage to head of spermatozoa, dan secondary abnormal occurs in the tail. If the damaged part is the head, it will decrease the fertility of spermatozoa. However it the damaged part is the tail, it does not matter,” she explained.
From the result of research toward 164 males in 15 BIB throughout Indonesia. There were 11 cows or 6.7% which its abnormality was high but the cement had been distributed. Why this was happening, in the absence of testing of the viability and morphology parameters.
For abnormality and fertility levels in the field, Prof. Iis used samples of 186 females to be tested with males who had different abnormality levels.
“The higher the degree of abnormality level so the lower the fertility. Therefore in my oration, all BIB are invited so that they know that not all the parameters are tested. The cows in the centers should be re-examined whether having the abnormality that needs to be repaired,” she said.
Prof. Iis also suggested that all BIB used the cement dillution of Method II, to ascertain the number of cells in one straw. The method that had been used (Method III) risked for insufficient numbers of spermatozoa per straw, if there was an error in the calculation of the concentration of spermatozoa.
Other suggestions, the molecular markers to determine the quality of spermatozoa of exotic cows, as part of the selection of bulls for breeding should be developed. It was necessary to increase the capacity of human resources (HR) for testing the morphology of spermatozoa in BIB/BIBD.(zul)
